Three species are associated with bacillary dysentery : " Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri " and " Shigella dysenteriae ".
2.
Together with " Shigella flexneri ", it is responsible for 90 % of shigellosis cases . " Shigella sonnei " is named for the Danish bacteriologist Carl Olaf Sonne.
3.
"Shigella flexneri " will produce acid and gas from glucose, and " Shigella sonnei " is mannitol and ornithine positive, and is also a late lactose fermenter ( ONPG positive ).
4.
Orthodox Jewish communities ( OJCs ) are a known risk group for shigellosis; " Shigella sonnei " is cyclically epidemic in these communities in Israel, with sporadic outbreaks occurring elsewhere in among these communities . " Through phylogenetic and genomic analysis, we showed that strains from outbreaks in OJCs outside of Israel are distinct from strains in the general population and relate to a single multidrug-resistant sublineage of " S . sonnei " that prevails in Israel.
5.
Some " Plesiomonas " strains share antigens with " Shigella sonnei ", and cross-reactions with " Shigella " antisera may occur . " Plesiomonas " can be distinguished from " Shigella " in diarrheal stools by an oxidase test : " Plesiomonas " is oxidase positive and " Shigella " is oxidase negative . " Plesiomonas " is negative for DNAse, and this and other biochemical tests distinguish it from " Aeromonas sp ."
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